{"id":5705,"date":"2020-01-30T14:38:56","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T14:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pan.thatscommunication.de\/challenges-facing-young-people-in-the-western-balkans\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T20:58:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T20:58:19","slug":"challenges-facing-young-people-in-the-western-balkans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paneuropa.at\/en\/challenges-facing-young-people-in-the-western-balkans\/","title":{"rendered":"Challenges facing young people in the Western Balkans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Unemployment is one of the major problems for young people in the countries of Southeast Europe. Many are drawn to public service, where proximity to political parties is often crucial for securing a job. Although they would generally prefer to stay in their home countries, many are leaving due to this bleak situation. The appeal of the EU remains unbroken. By Milica Muhadinovic, President of Paneuropa Youth Montenegro. <\/em><\/p>\n

A German version of the article can be found below.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Many in Southeast Europe (SEE), or more specifically the Western Balkans (WB), see the European project as the only viable path for a sustainable, social, prosperous and democratic Europe. As such, the European project depends on the ideas and ambitions of young people in this region. <\/p>\n

Young people in the SEE region grew up with a European vision and today are predominantly pro-European.<\/p>\n

The Friedrich Ebert Foundation conducted a study (Youth Study Southeast Europe 2018\/2019) among more than 10,000 young people aged 14\u201329 from ten countries of Southeast Europe (SEE) (1), covering a broad range of issues facing the youth today. One of the findings is that youth, from the WB6 in particular, express a great willingness to leave their countries, fuelled by existential reasons and negative perceptions of the situation at home (2). However, youth across the region overwhelmingly supports membership in the European Union, though it is safe to say that it seems they value its economic progress more than its values. Given the above-mentioned reasons, a large number of young people are still living with their parents and delaying independence. <\/p>\n

In terms of their labour market status, young people, especially in the WB6 countries, face a serious lack of quality employment opportunities. Besides a high incidence of unemployment, in some countries \u2013 like Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina \u2013 more than 20% of youth are not in any kind of employment, education or training (NEET) (3). In the WB6 countries, where problems with employment are the most acute, young people exhibit a very strong preference towards public sector employment, and membership in a political party is considered to play a very important role in finding a job. <\/p>\n

Youth also face significant skill-mismatches in the labour market, which indicates that school-to-work transitions are poorly facilitated by educational and labour market institutions. Indeed, young people across the region are for the most part dissatisfied with the level of connectedness between education and the world of work. Nevertheless, youth are predominantly and increasingly satisfied with their countries\u2019 educational systems in general. This might be related to the fact that the presence of practical aspects in education, which tend to improve the employability of graduates, has substantially increased across the region. The importance that SEE youth attach to job security is positively correlated with the preference for public sector employment (4). <\/p>\n

In the WB6, the highest unemployment rates are recorded in North Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenegro. The youth unemployment rate (total workforce, ages 15-24) in 2018 is: Albania 31%; Bosnia and Herzegovina 46.7%; Montenegro 29.1%; North Macedonia 44.7%; Serbia 32.1% (World Development Indicators, 2019) (5). <\/p>\n

The Western Balkans Youth Cooperation Platform (WBYCP) in 2018 organised an essay contest called “Three Reasons to Stay in My Country”. The first common characteristic of the responses was the love and responsibility young people have for their homeland, and the second was the commitment of young people to change their homeland for the better. <\/p>\n

The Joint Statement of the WBYCP says: “But in order to contribute and fulfil our dreams, some crucial conditions must be fulfilled:<\/p>\n

\u2022 A more accessible and high-quality education system is a major demand – high costs of education or low quality of education are pushing the younger generation to seek better alternatives abroad;
\n\u2022 Employment is not only our worry but also the main concern of our families. The transition from school to work, the availability of fairly-paid jobs, merit-based career development and more active job-market policies for youth are required for Balkan youngsters to make a career here.
\n\u2022 But currently, youth policies are designed and implemented by people who are not directly concerned with our burning issues, such as age, mood or expertise. To build and implement youth policies that meet our needs and truly help the youth, the Balkan young generation must be properly represented at all stages of policy making – from design, through implementation to monitoring.” (6) <\/p>\n

In support of the above, the results of a survey conducted in Montenegro stated that it takes about two years for young people to find a decent job after graduation. Around 41% of young people between the ages of 15 and 29 don\u2019t have a job. One third of employed youth doesn\u2019t have pension insurance (7). <\/p>\n

The UN Youth Empowerment Program in Montenegro called “Kreaktivacija” (Eng. Creactivation) aims to create conditions for employability and employment of young people by:
\n\u2022 Improving the legislative and regulatory environment and
\n\u2022 Enabling young people to use their potential in the available context and involve them in decision-making and other processes using innovative tools and approaches.
\nIt aims to create an environment that empowers and motivates young people to create and use opportunities for personal and social growth with passion, integrity and competence in an ever-changing world (8).<\/p>\n

This program helped shape the new Montenegrin National Youth Strategy for 2017-2021 (9). The strategy was adopted by the government in September 2016. <\/p>\n

Therefore, policymakers need to be aware of and harness the potential that young people in the region can offer given the European integration process happening in the region.<\/p>\n

For the future of Europe, we must listen to the voice(s) of young people.<\/p>\n

Challenges for Young People in the Western Balkans<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Many in Southeast Europe, and specifically in the Western Balkan countries, see the European project as the only viable path for a sustainable, social, prosperous and democratic Europe. From this perspective, the European project depends on the ideas and ambitions of young people in this region. Young people in Southeast Europe have grown up with a European vision and have a strong pro-European attitude. <\/p>\n

The Friedrich Ebert Foundation conducted a study (Youth Study Southeast Europe 2018\/2019) with more than 10,000 young people aged 14 to 29 in ten countries of Southeast Europe (1), covering a broad range of issues faced by young people. One of the findings is that young people from the six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia) have a high willingness to leave their home country. The motivation for this is rooted in existential concerns and a negative perception of the situation in their home countries (2). However, the majority of young people in the region support the goal of EU membership. It can be said with certainty that they highly value economic progress. Despite the figures mentioned above, a large number of young people still live with their parents and postpone their independence. <\/p>\n

Considering the labour market, especially in the so-called six Western Balkan countries, young people are confronted with a lack of jobs for higher qualifications. In addition to high unemployment in some countries \u2013 such as Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia-Herzegovina \u2013 more than 20 per cent of young people are neither employed nor in education or training (3). In the six Western Balkan countries, where employment problems are very high, young people have a strong preference for public sector employment. Membership in a political party is seen as very important when looking for a job. <\/p>\n

\"\"

Milica Muhadinovic: Montenegrin Pan-European Union Youth President \/ President of Paneuropa Youth Montenegro<\/p><\/div>\n

Young people are also confronted with significant skill deficits in the labour market, which indicates that the transition from school to work is insufficiently facilitated by educational and labour market institutions. Across the region, they are very dissatisfied with the permeability between education and the world of work. Nevertheless, they are increasingly satisfied with the quality of the education system. This is probably related to the fact that the practical aspects in education, which tend to improve their chances of gaining employment qualifications, have significantly increased across the region. The importance that job security has for young people in Southeast European countries correlates positively with the desire for public sector employment (4). <\/p>\n

The highest unemployment rates in the countries are in North Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenegro. The youth unemployment rate for those aged 15 to 24 in 2018 was: 31 per cent in Albania, 46.7 per cent in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 29.1 per cent in Montenegro, 44.7 per cent in North Macedonia, and 32.1 per cent in Serbia (5). <\/p>\n

The Western Balkans Youth Cooperation Platform (WBYCP) organised an essay competition in 2018 titled: “Three Reasons to Stay in My Country”. The most frequently cited reason was love for their homeland and responsibility for their own country. The second most common reason given was commitment to improving the situation in their home country. <\/p>\n

A statement from the WBYCP says: “However, in order to contribute and fulfil our dreams, some crucial conditions must be met.”:<\/p>\n

\u2022 A more accessible and high-quality education system is of utmost importance \u2013 high costs or low quality of education are pushing the younger generation to seek better alternatives abroad;<\/p>\n

\u2022 Employment is not only our concern, but also a major concern for our families. The transition from school to work, the availability of well-paid jobs, merit-based career development and more active labour market policies for youth are required for young people in the Balkans to build a career here; <\/p>\n

\u2022 Currently, youth policies are designed and implemented by people who are not concerned with burning issues such as age, attitude and expertise. To design and implement youth policies that meet our needs and truly help young people, the young Balkan generation must be well represented at all levels of policymaking \u2013 from conception through implementation to monitoring (6). <\/p>\n

In addition to the above, the study in Montenegro found that it takes approximately two years to find an adequate job after graduation. Around 41 per cent of young people aged between 15 and 29 are unemployed. One third of employed youth do not have pension insurance (7). <\/p>\n

The UN Youth Empowerment Programme in Montenegro, called “Kreaktivacija” (Creactivation), aims to create conditions for the employability and employment of young people through the following measures:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Improvement of the legislative and regulatory framework.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Empowering young people to utilise their potential in the available environment and to involve themselves in decision-making and other processes by finding innovative approaches.<\/p>\n

Its goal is to create framework conditions that empower and motivate young people to passionately, with integrity and competence, utilise opportunities for personal and social improvement in an ever-changing world (8).<\/p>\n

This programme helped shape the new Montenegrin Youth Strategy for the period 2017-2021 (9). The strategy was adopted by the government in September 2016. Policymakers must therefore be aware of and harness the potential that young people in the region can offer given the European integration process taking place in the region. For the future of Europe, the voices of young people must be heard. <\/p>\n

Footnotes for the article \u201cChallenges facing young people in the Western Balkans\u201d<\/p>\n

[1] Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia<\/p>\n

[2]https:\/\/www.fes-soe.org\/features\/youth-studies\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] http:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/id-moe\/15274-20190408.pdf<\/a>, page 109<\/p>\n

[4] Ibid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[5]https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]http:\/\/www.connecting-youth.org\/news\/Statement_28.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[7] Youth Empowerment Programme in Montenegro KREAKTIVACIJA, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HrEeM6h0a2M<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]http:\/\/un.org.me\/youth-empowerment-programme-in-montenegro\/<\/p>\n

[9]Available at: http:\/\/www.strategijazamlade.me\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a9 Featured image: European Union 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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